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Before You Decide to Sit for the FRM® Exam
Get expert guidance from FRM Charterholders for exam day insights.Become a Financial Risk Manager
October 16, 2025
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In the finance world, two common designations are the FRM® certification and CFA® charter. If you’re thinking about becoming a financial analyst or working with investments, these are two designations that could advance your career. So, what’s the difference, and which is right for you? Let’s take a look at the FRM certification versus the CFA Charter.
FRM® stands for Financial Risk Manager. Offered by Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP), FRM certification sets you apart in the global marketplace and gives you a strong understanding of the underlying risk management concepts in today’s ever-changing financial markets. It also lets employers know that you take risk management seriously and that your knowledge has been validated by international professional standards.
The Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA) professional credential is offered internationally by CFA Institute to investment and financial professionals. The program covers a broad range of topics relating to investment and portfolio management, financial analysis, stocks, bonds, and derivatives, and provides a generalist knowledge of other areas of finance. Industry professionals worldwide recognize the CFA charter as the “gold standard” of all financial analyst designations.
Both designate professionals who are knowledgeable in finance and capable of analysis. For each, you must pass a set of exams, and you can’t move to the next level or part until you pass the first. The exams for each require a great deal of study, practice, and commitment to learning and analysis.
It is possible to hold the FRM certification and CFA charter.
FRM certification is more specialized than the CFA charter. Its focus is managing exposure to operational, credit, market, foreign exchange, volatility, liquidity, inflation, business, legal, reputational, and sector risk. The CFA charter requires knowledge and expertise in a much broader range of financial analysis topics, such as portfolio management, economics, reporting, quantitative analysis, and more. Another difference is exam structure. There are two FRM exams (Part I and Part II), and there are three CFA exams (Level I, Level II, and Level III).
To earn your FRM certification, you need to:
Take and pass the FRM exams. There are no degree or work requirements for taking the exams.
Work full-time in a financial risk role for 2 years.
Demonstrate your experience to GARP by describing your professional role in financial risk management and submitting it to GARP within 5 years of passing Part II.
To become a CFA charterholder, you need to:
Have a bachelor’s degree (or equivalent) or be in the final year of your bachelor’s degree program (you can register for the CFA exam in the second-to-last year of your undergraduate degree and take it in your final year). If you have 4,000 hours of relevant work experience or a combination of professional work and university experience that totals 4,000 hours, you are also eligible to start the CFA Program.
Take and pass the Level I, Level II, and Level III CFA exams.
Become a member of CFA Institute (which costs $275 and includes agreeing to abide by its code of ethics).
Provide CFA Institute with proof that you’ve been working full-time for 4,000 hours in a role that either involves investment decision-making or with a product that contributes to that process. This can include any work experience you had before passing the exam, as well as after.
In a discussion about FRM certification versus CFA charter, people are most likely to be concerned about the exams. Here’s what you need to know.
Foundations of risk management
Quantitative analysis
Financial markets and products
Valuation and risk models
Market risk measurement and management
Credit risk measurement and management
Operational risk and resiliency
Liquidity and treasury risk measurement and management
Risk management and investment management
Current issues in financial markets
There are two parts to the exam. Both Part I and Part II FRM exam windows are in May, August, and November. The format of both parts is multiple-choice.
The FRM Exam requires a program enrollment fee of $400, which is payable when a candidate initially registers for the FRM Exam Part I. The enrollment fee is not charged again unless the candidate has not passed the FRM Exam Part II within four years after passing the FRM Exam Part I.
Ethical and professional standards
Quantitative methods
Economics
Financial statement analysis
Corporate issuers
Equity investments
Fixed income
Derivatives
Alternative investments
Portfolio and wealth management
The format of the first two levels is multiple-choice. Level III has a written portion called constructed response and a multiple-choice portion. CFA exam fees for each level are $700 for early registration and $1,000 for standard registration. There is also a $400 one-time enrollment fee that you pay when you register for Level I.
Another similarity between the two designations is that all levels of both exams cannot be passed if all you do is last-minute cramming. So, whether it’s the FRM certification or CFA exam, you should start studying early.
To prepare for the FRM exams, plan to study a minimum of 200–240 hours for each part. The basic strategies you should follow while learning the FRM curriculum include being aware of the big picture and knowing the main concepts. FRM Exam preparation classes for FRM Part I and FRM Part II are recommended, as is focused study. Take as many practice exams as you can. Save one for the last week before the exam.
To prepare for the CFA exams, CFA Institute advises a minimum of 300 hours of study for each level. You should focus on the Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) from CFA Institute because they detail exactly what you are expected to do on exam day. CFA exam preparation classes can really help, as will immersing yourself in practice questions. In addition, you should plan to take as many mock exams as you can to get used to the whole exam process.
Learn about the differences between FRM and CFA.
Deciding which designation to pursue really depends on what you want to do as a financial analyst. FRMs typically hold managerial and executive-level positions that concentrate on risk and investment risk.
So, if you’re interested in specializing in analyzing risk as a credit risk manager, market risk manager, regulatory risk manager, or operational risk manager, then the FRM designation is right for you.
If you’re interested in becoming a portfolio manager, research analyst, consultant, risk manager, corporate financial analyst, financial adviser, or moving into the C-suite, then the CFA charter will be a better fit.
Of course, you don’t have to choose at all. As we mentioned near the beginning of this article, you can hold both designations. Today, risk, investment, portfolio management, and financial advising are more intertwined than ever.
So, it makes sense for a CFA charterholder who wants to focus on risk management to earn the FRM designation. However, becoming a Certified FRM first has worked well for some risk analysts who wanted to broaden their overall expertise in finance concepts.
No matter which path you choose, there are lots of CFA and FRM resources out there to help you earn the credential or credentials you need.
Before You Decide to Sit for the FRM® Exam
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